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홈 AI 용어집 Ethics & Safety설명 가능한 인공지능 (XAI)란 무엇인가

AI 용어집

0-9

1-shot learning 2-stage detector 3D convolution 3D Reconstruction 4D data 5G + AI 6DoF pose estimation 7D representation 8-bit quantization 9-layer network 0-shot learning

A

Algorithm Autoencoder Artificial Intelligence (AI)Attention A/B Testing Accountability Accuracy Acoustic Modeling Activation Functions Active Learning Actor-Critic Methods Actuators AdaDelta AdaGrad Adam Optimizer Adjusted R-Squared Adversarial Attacks Affordance Learning Agent-Based Modeling Agentic AI / Autonomous Agents Agentic AI Frameworks Agglomerative Clustering AGI / Artificial General Intelligence AI Accelerators AI Act (EU)AI Agents AI Alignment AI and Bias AI and Sustainability AI APIs AI Art Generation AI Assistants AI Audit AI Auditing AI Bill of Rights (US Blueprint)AI Containment AI Democratization AI Ethics Boards AI Ethics Guidelines AI Feature Store AI for Climate Change AI Generated Content AI Governance Frameworks AI Guardrails AI Hallucinations AI in Healthcare Ethics AI in Warfare AI Legislation AI Literacy AI Marketplaces AI Model Governance AI Model Hub AI Model Registry AI Model Weights AI Music Generation AI Orchestration AI Policy AI Regulations AI Safety AI Security AI Singularity AI Transparency Report AI Watermarking AI Winter AI Workflow Automation AI-as-a-Service Alan Turing Algorithmic Accountability Algorithmic Bias Mitigation Algorithmic Discrimination Algorithmic Transparency Andrew Ng Anomaly Detection Anomaly Detection in Security Anthropic Apache Kafka API Development API Endpoints Apriori Algorithm Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)Artificial Neural Networks Artificial Superintelligence ASICs Association Rule Learning Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic Attention Mechanisms AUC Audio Classification Audio Signal Processing Augmented Reality Authentication Authorization Autoencoders Automated Reasoning Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)Automation AutoML Autonomous Navigation Autoregressive Models

B

Batch Normalization Boosting Backpropagation Bias Bag-of-Words Model Bagging Batch Size Bayesian Inference Bayesian Networks Bayesian Optimization BERT Bias in AI Bias-Variance Tradeoff Big Data Big Data Technologies Biometric Security BLEU Score Blockchain in AI Box Plot Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE)

C

Classifier / Classification Chatbot Cross-Validation Clustering Caffe Calculus Calibration California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)Canary Deployment Capsule Networks Carbon Footprint of AI Case-Based Reasoning Catastrophic Forgetting Central Limit Theorem Chain-of-Thought Chinese Room Argument Class Imbalance Classification Cloud AI Platforms Cloud Computing Clustering Algorithms CNN / Convolutional Neural Network Code Generation Models Cognitive Architectures Cognitive Computing Cohere Colab Notebooks Collaborative Filtering Color Spaces Complex Analysis Compliance Compliance Standards (ISO IEEE)Computational Complexity Computational Fluid Dynamics Computational Theory of Mind Compute-Optimal Models Concept Drift Conceptual Graphs Conditional Probability Confusion Matrix Consciousness in AI Consistency Models Constitutional AI Constraint Satisfaction Problems Containerization Content-Based Filtering Context Window Continual Learning Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)Control Systems Conversational AI Convolutional Neural Networks COPPA Coreference Resolution Correlation Correlation Matrix Cost-Sensitive Learning Cross-Entropy Loss Curriculum Learning Cyber Threat Intelligence Cybersecurity Regulations

D

Deterministic Model Data Augmentation Deep Learning Discriminative Model DALL·E Data Annotation Data Catalog Data Centers Data Cleaning Data Drift Data Governance Data Ingestion Data Integration Data Labeling Data Lake Data Lakes Data Leakage Data Lineage Data Mining Data Pipeline Data Poisoning Data Preprocessing Data Privacy Data Protection Data Protection Laws Data Quality Data Security Data Sovereignty Data Transformation Data Versioning Data Visualization Data Visualization Techniques Data Warehousing Databases for AI Davies-Bouldin Index DBSCAN Decision Boundary Visualization Decision Trees Deep Belief Networks Deep Q-Networks Deep Reinforcement Learning Deepfake Deepfakes DeepMind Demis Hassabis Dependency Parsing Depth Estimation Descriptive Statistics Dialogue Systems Differential Equations Differential Evolution Differential Privacy Diffusion Models Digital Divide Digital Provenance Digital Twins Dimensionality Reduction Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)Discourse Analysis Discrete Event Simulation Discrete Mathematics Disinformation Distributed Computing Distributed File Systems Distributed Training Docker Drones Dropout Dropout Regularization Dynamical Systems

E

Explainable AI (XAI)Ensemble Learning Encoder Embedding Early Stopping Edge AI Edge Computing Edge Detection Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Elon Musk Embedding Size Embeddings Embodied AI Emergent Abilities Emotion Recognition Ensemble Methods Episodic Memory Epoch Ethical AI Ethical AI Guidelines Ethical Auditing Ethical Decision-Making Ethical Dilemmas Ethical Frameworks Ethics of AI ETL Processes Evolutionary Algorithms Existential Risk Expectation-Maximization Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Expected Calibration Error Expert Systems Explainability Exploration vs. Exploitation Exploratory Data Analysis Export Controls

F

Foundation Model Fine-tuning Forward Propagation Feature Extraction Fusion / Multimodal Fusion F1 Score Facial Recognition Fairness FastAI Feature Engineering Feature Importance Feature Selection Feature Store Feature Stores Federated Learning Fei-Fei Li Few-Shot Learning Finite Element Analysis First-Order Logic Flow Matching Force Control Foundation Model Economy Foundation Models Fourier Transform FPGAs Frame Languages Functional Analysis

G

Gradient Descent Graph Neural Network (GNN)Generative AI Game Playing AI Game Theory Game Theory Simulations GAN / Generative Adversarial Network Gated Recurrent Units Gaussian Mixture Models General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)Generative Adversarial Networks Generative Models Genetic Algorithms Gensim Geoffrey Hinton Global Cooperation GPT Models Grad-CAM Gradient Boosting Machines Gradient Clipping Graph Neural Networks Graph Theory Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)Grid Search Grounding

H

Hierarchical Model Hidden Layer Hyperparameter Hallucination Heuristic Hadoop Heatmap Help Heuristic Algorithms Hidden Markov Models Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning High-Performance Computing HIPAA Histogram HOG HPC Clusters Hugging Face Hugging Face Transformers Human Rights Human-in-the-Loop Human-Robot Interaction Hyperparameter Optimization Hyperparameter Tuning

I

Imbalanced Data Instance / Sample Intelligence Amplification / Augmentation Interpretability Ilya Sutskever Image Captioning Image Classification Image Recognition Image Segmentation Impact on Employment In-Context Learning Industrial Robots Inference Inference Engines Inference Optimization Inferential Statistics Information Theory Informed Consent Infrastructure as Code Instance Segmentation Instruction tuning Intellectual Property Rights Intelligent Agents Intrusion Detection Systems Inverse Reinforcement Learning

J

Juxtaposition Joint Embedding Jittering JAX John McCarthy Joint Probability Distribution JSONL / JSON-lines Juergen Schmidhuber Jupyter Notebooks

K

Knowledge Distillation Kernel Trick K-means Clustering K-Nearest Neighbors K-Shot Learning Kai-Fu Lee Kalman Filters Keras KL Divergence (Kullback–Leibler Divergence)Knowledge Cutoff Knowledge Graphs Knowledge Representation Kubernetes

L

Large Language Model (LLM)Loss Function Latent Variable Learning Rate L1 Regularization L2 Regularization Label Smoothing Language Modeling Language Models Laplace Transform Large Language Models (LLMs)Large Multimodal Models Latent Dirichlet Allocation Latent Space Law of Large Numbers Layer Normalization Learning Curve Learning Rate Decay Learning Rate Scheduling Lemmatization LIME Linear Algebra Linear Regression Log Loss Logic Programming Logistic Regression Long Short-Term Memory Networks Long-Context Models LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)LSTM / Long Short-Term Memory

M

Machine Learning (ML)Multimodal / Multimodality Multi-head Attention Meta-learning Model Machine Consciousness Machine Translation Markov Chain Models Markov Chain Monte Carlo Markov Decision Processes Markov Models Marvin Minsky Masked Language Models Master Data Management Matplotlib Matrix Decomposition MCP Mean Absolute Error Mean Squared Error Mechanistic Interpretability Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs)Metadata Management Microservices Midjourney Mind Uploading Mini Tool Mini-Batch Gradient Descent Mixture of Experts (MoE)MLOps Mobile Robots Model Cards Model Compression Model Deployment Model Drift Model Explainability Tools Model Monitoring Model Serving Model Stealing Momentum Optimization Monitoring and Logging Monte Carlo Methods Monte Carlo Simulations Moral Machines Motion Detection Motion Planning Multi-Armed Bandit Problem Multimodal AI Music Information Retrieval MXNet

N

Novelty Detection / Anomaly Detection Neural Network Normalization n-Grams Naive Bayes Algorithm Naive Bayes Classifier Named Entity Recognition Natural Language Generation (NLG)Natural Language Processing Natural Language Processing (NLP)Natural Language Understanding Nesterov Accelerated Gradient Network Simulations Neural Architecture Search Neural Networks Neural Processing Unit (NPU)Neuromorphic Computing Nick Bostrom NLP / Natural Language Processing NLTK NLU / Natural Language Understanding Noise Reduction NoSQL Databases NumPy NVIDIA CUDA

O

Objective Function Overfitting Online Learning Optimizer Object Detection Object Tracking One-hot Encoding Ontologies OpenAI OpenAI GPT Optical Character Recognition Optimization Theory Out-of-Distribution (OOD) Data

P

Parameter Policy / Reinforcement Learning Policy Prompt Pretraining Pandas Parallel Computing Parameter Count Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)Part-of-Speech Tagging Partial Dependence Plots Path Planning Pattern Recognition People also viewed Perception in AI Perceptron Perplexity Peter Norvig Philosophy of Mind Phonetics Pipelines Planning and Scheduling Plotly Policy Gradients Policy Optimization Pooling Pose Estimation Positional Encoding Pragmatics Precision Predictive Modeling Predictive Probability Preference Tuning Principal Component Analysis Privacy Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning Probability Density Functions Probability Theory Problem Solving Process Modeling Process-Based Supervision Prompt Chaining Prompt Engineering Prompt Injection Prompt Marketplace Prompt Templates Propositional Logic Proximal Policy Optimization Pruning PyTorch

Q

Quantization Query Queue / Buffer Quality Estimation Q-learning QLoRA (Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation)Quantum Computing Quantum Machine Learning Question Answering Question Answering Systems

R

Reinforcement Learning (RL)Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)Regularization Representation Learning R-Squared Random Forests Random Search Ray Kurzweil Real Analysis Reasoning Engines Recall Recommender Systems Recurrent Neural Networks Red Teaming Regression Regression Analysis Regulatory Compliance Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback Reinforcement Learning in Robotics Reproducibility Responsible AI Retrieval-Augmented Generation Reward Function RMSprop RNN / Recurrent Neural Network Robot Kinematics Robot Vision Robotic Manipulation Robotic Operating System (ROS)Robotics Transformers Robustness in AI Models ROC Curve Rodney Brooks Root Mean Squared Error Rule-Based Systems

S

Supervised Learning Sampling Sequence Modeling Self-Supervised Learning Saliency Maps SARSA Algorithm Scalable Oversight Scaling Laws Scatter Plot Scikit-Learn SciPy Seaborn Search Algorithms Secure Hardware Secure Multi-Party Computation Secure Protocols Self-Attention Self-Driving Cars Semantic Networks Semantic Parsing Semantic Role Labeling Semantic Segmentation Semantic Web Semi-Supervised Learning Sensors SentencePiece Sentiment Analysis Sequence Labeling Serverless Computing Serverless GPUs Set Theory SHAP Values Siamese Networks SIFT Silhouette Score Simulated Annealing Simulation Hypothesis Simulation-to-Real Transfer (Sim2Real)Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)SMOTE Social Acceptance of AI Social Simulation Softmax SOTA (State of the Art)spaCy Spark Speaker Diarization Spectrogram Analysis Speech Enhancement Speech Recognition Speech Synthesis Spiking Neural Networks SQL Stable Diffusion Stacking State-Action Pairs Statistical Analysis Statistical Distributions Statistics Stemming Stochastic Gradient Descent Stochastic Modeling Stochastic Processes Stop Words Stream Processing Strong AI Strong vs. Weak AI Stuart Russell Style Transfer Subword Tokenization Support Vector Machines SURF Surveillance Swarm Intelligence Symbolic AI Synthetic Data Generation Synthetic Media System Dynamics System Prompt

T

Transfer Learning Tokenizer Tuning / Hyperparameter Tuning Transformer Training Data t-SNE Teacher Forcing Technological Singularity Teleoperation Temperature Temporal Difference Learning Tensor Processing Units (TPUs)TensorFlow Testing and Validation Text Summarization Text-to-Audio Generation Text-to-Image Generation Text-to-Speech (TTS)Text-to-Video Generation TF-IDF Theano Time Series Analysis Timnit Gebru TinyML Token Limit Tokenization Tokens Tool Use (LLMs)Topic Modeling Topology Transformer Models Transformer Networks Transparency Transparency Requirements Trust Region Policy Optimization Trustworthy AI Truthfulness (in LLMs)Turing Test

U

Uncertainty Estimation Unsupervised Learning Underfitting Universal Approximation Theorem U-Net UMAP Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)Unmanned Ground Vehicles

V

Validation Set Vector Embedding Variational Autoencoder (VAE)Vanishing / Exploding Gradient Validation Curve Value Function Vector Database Version Control for Models Vibe code an AI Tool Video Generation Models Virtual Reality Simulations Vision Transformer (ViT)Voice Biometrics Voice Cloning Voice Conversion

W

Whitening / Whitening Transformation Weak Supervision Word Embedding Workflow Warmup Steps Weak AI Weight Decay Word Embeddings Word Sense Disambiguation WordPiece World Models

X

X-axis / feature axis XAI / Explainable AI XLM XLNet XOR problem

Y

Yield (model yield / throughput)Yoga of AI Y-transform / YUV Y-axis / feature axis YAGNI (You Aren't Gonna Need It)Yann LeCun Yoshua Bengio

Z

Zero-gradient phenomenon Zero-centric / Zero-bias initialization Zero-shot Learning / Zero-shot inference Zygosity in augmentation Z-score Normalization Zero Trust Architecture

설명 가능한 인공지능 (XAI)란 무엇인가

Ethics & Safety

[wˌʌt ɪz ɛksplˈeɪnəbəl ˌeɪˈaɪ ˌɛksˌeɪˈaɪ]

마지막 업데이트: 2025년 10월 15일

설명 가능한 인공지능 (XAI)은 인간이 이해할 수 있는 결정과 행동의 설명을 제공하는 인공지능 방법을 의미합니다. AI 시스템이 의료, 금융 등 주요 분야에서 보편화됨에 따라 투명성의 필요성이 대두되고 있습니다. 사용자는 AI 결정의 근거를 이해해야 기술에 대한 신뢰를 가질 수 있습니다.

XAI는 특성 중요도 분석, 모델 시각화 및 해석 가능한 결정 규칙 생성 등 다양한 기술을 통해 작동합니다. 이러한 방법은 사용자가 AI 모델의 출력을 깊이 이해할 수 있도록 하여 시스템에 대한 신뢰를 높입니다. 예를 들어, LIME(국소 설명 가능한 모델 불변 설명) 및 SHAP(샤플리 가법 설명)과 같은 도구는 특정 입력 특성이 예측에 미치는 영향을 설명할 수 있습니다.

미래를 내다보면 AI 응용 프로그램이 확장됨에 따라 XAI는 산업 표준이 될 것으로 예상되며, 특히 규제 요건이 점점 더 엄격해지는 배경에서 더욱 그러합니다. XAI의 장점으로는 사용자 신뢰 향상, 모델 수용성 개선, 개발자가 모델 내의 편향 및 윤리적 문제를 식별하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있습니다. 하지만 XAI는 추가적인 계산 비용, 설명의 과도한 단순화 가능성, 모든 유형의 AI 시스템에 적용하기 어려운 등의 단점도 존재합니다.

XAI를 구현할 때 개발자는 설명 가능성과 모델 성능 간의 균형을 유지하고 제공되는 설명이 최종 사용자에게 실제로 유용하도록 해야 합니다. 전반적으로 XAI는 AI 투명성과 책임성을 촉진하는 중요한 단계로, 더 안전하고 공정한 AI 발전에 기여합니다.

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