Calculus

Calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies continuous change, primarily through derivatives and integrals. It is divided into two main parts: differential calculus, which focuses on rates of change and slopes of curves, and integral calculus, which deals with the accumulation of quantities and areas under curves. This mathematical field is essential in various applications, including physics, engineering, economics, and computer science. In AI and machine learning, calculus is used to optimize algorithms, particularly in training models through techniques such as gradient descent.